 Special Studies
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Special Studies
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Terms and Conditions of Homeworks Download Top
This study is based on the results of a Survey on Homeworkers done in 1993. It discusses the incidence and nature of homeworking in the country as well as the problems associated with it for purposes of policy formulation. The study showed that bulk or almost 80 percent of the covered workers were females and more than half of 56.2 percent were in the prime working age of 25 to 44 years old. Some of the more common problems of homeworking were inability to finish orders on time; difficulty in securing materials and high cost of raw materials. Health-related problems include body aches/pains, eyesight impairment, cuts/wounds/burns and dizziness/anemia. Based on these, policy directions being recommended were in the areas of skills upgrading; social insurance and access to credit.
Regional Statistical and Performance Reporting System:
While data from censuses and surveys are estimates of population parameters, administrative-based labor statistics are factual observations used in measuring program performance and assessing the effectiveness and efficiency of labor administration. This study traces the development of the Regional Statistical and Performance Reporting System (SPRS) in the Department of Labor and Employment. It likewise presents the sources of the statistics, reporting flow and data validation undertaken, problems encountered by the system, data dissemination and its utilization and developments related to the SPRS.
Gender and Lifelong Learning:
This is a country paper prepared for APEC-HRD-NEDM Self-Funded Project.
It targets the skills and vocational qualifications required by women to make a positive managerial
and entrepreneurial contribution to the growing and rapidly internationalizing SMEs
in the APEC economies. It also aims to identify best practice models for women's
lifelong training and learning to be shared among APEC economies.
This paper focuses on (1) general information on women labor force, education and policy
initiatives on women HRD, (2) know-how tools for women lifelong learning and training
with case studies of specific best practice/s in government body training programs
for women, (3) current training needs for women, and (4) suggestions/recommendations
to better facilitate women lifelong learning and training.
This paper was presented during the APEC-HRD-NEDM Gender Result Conference held
in Chinese Taipeh in June 1998.
Statistics from Administrative Records: An Alternative Approach
This paper presents the experience of the Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE) in monitoring distressed industries and workers' displacements due to the current economic crisis based on Termination Reports submitted by employers to the DOLE regional offices. The paper describes in brief the DOLE Regional Layoff Monitoring System (RLMS) now called Job Displacements Monitoring System (JDMS), its uses, strengths and weaknesses. It also presents statistics highlighting the trends and patterns of establishment closures and retrenchments based on four-year data series and a profile of workers affected by the crisis in the National Capital Region for 1998.
Pre-Employment Sex Discrimination: a three period comparison Download Top
This paper looks into patterns of pre-employment sex discrimination
in the country. The study was based on the job advertisements posted in the Sunday
edition of the Manila Bulletin covering all the Sundays of the years 1975, 1985 and 1995.
Job ads specifying the sex of prospective applicants are deemed discriminatory, while those
that do not are considered nondiscriminatory.
Occupations covered in the study are (1) accountants, accounting clerks, or bookkeepers;
(2) cashiers; (3) cooks or bakers; (4) drivers; (5) engineers; (6) household helpers
(maids, gardeners, housekeepers, 'yaya'); (7) managers; (8) mechanics; (9) messengers;
(10) nurses; (11) office secretary; (12) sales workers (sales persons, shop assistants,
management trainees); (13) security guards; (14) supervisors or foremen; (15) teachers;
(16) waiters or bartenders; and (17) weavers, embroidery workers, or 'mananahi'.
Taken together, there was a dramatic decline in the ratio of discriminatory ads for
the 17 occupations from 1975 to 1985 (more than half to less than four). It declined
to just slightly over one-third in 1995.
Working Couples in the Philippines Download Top
This study was undertaken to form a comprehensive profile of the socio-demographic
characteristics of working couples of the labor force. For this purpose, the study
used the October round of the 1997 Labor Force Survey covering households with couples
where the household head and spouse/wife are both working. The study excludes households with
femaleheads; households with other working couples such as married children; and working
couples with spouses who are residentially separated as those in overseas contract and other
arrangements.
In the end, the study hopes to help policy makers design innovative organizational system
that will accomodate this changing composition of the workforce and help this types
of workers be more productive.
Left-Behind Households of Filipino Overseas Filipino Workers Download Top
From the October 1997 National Labor Force Survey, regularly conducted
by the National Statistics Office, which accounted for the presence of an Overseas
Filipino Worker (OFW) in the household, a limited socio-demographic analysis of left-behind
households is conducted contrasting these with the households where both the head
and spouse are in the country. The analysis proceeded with construction of household
records from the survey data including only, for the purposes of this study, households
where there are husbands and wives, one of whom is the head. This allows for the formation
of four mutually exclusive household groups as the male- and female-headed households
and the male spouse OFW and the female spouse OFW households.
With the aid of discriminant function analysis, characteristics differentiating the four
household groups are made. Two additional discriminant function analyses are made;
one on male-headed versus female spouse OFW households and the other, on the female-headed
versus male spouse OFW households.
Results indicated that age; education; household size; economic activity and participation
of the husbands and wives, to include those of the other household members; presence
and numbers of dependents (children and the elderly) and even type of residence figure
in differentiating the various groups.
Mismatches in the Philippine Labor Market Download Top
This study was undertaken to provide empirical evidence of labor market mismatches in the country. Generally, this problem is indicated by high unemployment and underemployment rates and it is also implied in some classified advetisements looking for overqualified applicants. Using the results of the October round of the 1997 Labor Force Survey, the study considered the characteristics of individuals as education, age, sex, workforce status, status of employment and class of workers, as indicators of mismatches. The paper discusses the DOLE intervention programs designed to address the problems of unemployment, underemployment and job losses. These intervention programs include employment facilitation, skills training/retraining, and livelihood support services.
Female-Headed Households in the Philippines Download Top
The increasing participation of females in the labor force and household decision-making, among others, imply that female-headed households will further increase in number and therefore needs an investigation. This study focuses on the October 1997 Labor Force Survey and the subjects are households that are being headed by females. It aims to determine the socio-demographic characteristics of the female-headed households in the Philippines and provide information to support or negate some issues particularly, the perceived notion that female-headed households are less well off in the socio-economic sense than male-headed households and that these households are more likely to live in poverty.
Different Employment Preference Based on Religion -
This study presents differential preference in employment on the ground of religion. The study attempts to find out if differential preference in employment based on religion exists in two labor markets in the Philippines - NCR and ARMM-Basilan. This study uses the data of the 1990 Census of Population and Housing (CPH) Public Use Files (PUF) of the National Statistics Office (NSO). The units of analysis are employed Christians and Muslims aged 15 years old and over residing in NCR and ARMM-Basilan. The study describes the socio-demographic characteristics of employed Christians and Muslims and imputes, through statistical test, if differential preference in employment on the ground of religion exists in the two labor markets.
Development of a Design for the Conduct
The rapid growth of the country's population in recent decades has brought tremendous pressures on economic development and quality of life for the Filipino people.
This problem is compounded by the uneven distribution of resources and economic development across regions of the country, which have resulted in large population redistribution across time and space.
As in many developing economies, internal migration is the most important component of population redistribution in the Philippines.
This is manifested by the disproportionate inflow of rural people towards urban and major metropolitan areas. The advent of globalization in recent years has put another dimension
to the issue of migration as more and more Filipinos seek work opportunities abroad as overseas contract workers.
The primary aim of this project study is the development of a design for the conduct of a national migration survey for the Philippines to fill gaps in existing knowledge
concerning the migration characteristics of the Philippine population and their interrelationships with national and regional development patterns. This study basically presented
the questionnaires, survey design features, the sampling design options and in particular the resource requirements of each option at varying levels of precision.
Development of the Philippine Decent Work Index - Phase 1 Download Top
The Project Development of the Philippine Decent Work Index has been contracted by the International Labor Office, with funding from the United Nations Development Program, to the Institute for Labor Studies (ILS). It aims to realize three objectives; 1) to develop a set of core statistical indicators that will provide a quantitative measure of the decent work situation in the country; 2) to construct a Labor Index as a summary measure of the collective efforts/achievements of the Philippines in decent work across time; and, 3) to produce a report on the achievements of the Philippines in decent work using the Labor Index.
This report realizes Objective 1 of the Project and will be used as input in the implementation of Phase 2 that addresses Objectives 2 and 3. The Bureau of Labor and Employment Statistics is the implementing agency for Objectives 1 and 2 while the ILS is responsible for the preparation of the Status Report on Decent Work in the Philippines. Phase 3 of the Project would be on the institutionalization of the data collection system and advocacy for the acceptance of the index by the social partners.
